Choosing the Sex of Your Baby Essays

Choosing the Sex of Your Baby Essays Choosing the Sex of Your Baby Essay Choosing the Sex of Your Baby Essay Essay Topic: Shane Choosing the Sex of Your Baby Dr. Aaron Miller English Composition 115 Shanelle Gayden â€Å"Choosing the Sex of Your Baby† is a great article that I just read for English 115. This article cross examines the issues that would come along with choosing the sex of your baby. Choosing the sex of your baby is a topic many couples discuss. This article discusses biomedical science, the parental view, and the society’s view. The American Society has just endorsed in vitro fertilization techniques to help parents determine the sex of their child. This issue is argued and raises ethical concerns. One of the main concerns is parents will possibly want to change other genetics such as eye color. The arguments raised from choosing the sex of your baby are parents would prefer a certain gender order and force gender discrimination. Parents plead that they should have maximum freedom to choose reproductive matters and it causes no harm. Parents believe that it is fair to choose the sex of the second child. Choosing the gender will be a very costly procedure. Cost will play a major role in who would actually be able to take advantage of this procedure. The society is amongst competitive pressures in the fertility industry. The methods that would be used raises concern. This issue remains complex because it involves discarding embryos based on the sex. Gender discrimination is also a factor. Society stands in a neutral position with the outlook of the scientific and parental view. Choosing the sex of your child leads to issues that will affect the society. To determine ones sex through science, while creating the perfect family according to gender. It is clearly not an overnight decision. Although choosing the sex of your baby seems so simple, this clearly can lead to ethical concerns.

Public Schools Where 75% of Students Score 10-15 on ACT

Public Schools Where 75% of Students Score 10-15 on ACT When youre considering to which public college or university to apply, sometimes its helpful to browse through schools who have students scoring similarly on the ACT as you did. If your ACT scores are completely lower or higher than 75% of the students who were accepted to a particular school, perhaps youd be better off searching for a school where students are more in your range, although exceptions are certainly made all the time. This is a list of colleges and universities where 75% of the accepted students scored above or at a 10 – 15 composite score on the ACT. What does this mean? The following public schools are accepting students who are scoring well below the national average on the ACT, which is a 21. If you have scored between a 10 – 15 on the ACT, then all is not lost! Perhaps one of these public universities would be a good fit! Please keep in mind that this list is for the composite ACT score – youll see ACT scores a bit lower or higher on particular sections (English, Mathematics, Reading, Science Reasoning), but the composite scores are always between 10 – 15. Remember that the 25th percentile score reflects what 75% of students have earned who were admitted. The 75th percentile score reflects what 25% of students have earned who were admitted. Typically, youll see higher scores in the latter category. More ACT Score Information How to Understand Score PercentilesWhats a Good ACT Score?Average National ACT ScoresACT Scoring 101: Scaled Vs. RawI Think I Got a Bad ACT Score - Now What? Public Universities Where 75% of Students Score a 10 15 on the ACT 1. Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College Tifton, GeorgiaWebsite: abac.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1375th Percentile: 17 2. Alabama State University Montgomery, Alabama Website: www.alasu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 19 3. California State University Dominguez Hills Carson, CaliforniaWebsite: csudh.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 19 4. California State University Los Angeles Los Angeles, California Website: calstatela.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 20 5. Central State University Wilberforce, OhioWebsite: centralstate.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1475th Percentile: 18 6. Fayetteville State University Fayetteville, North CarolinaWebsite: uncfsu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 19 7. Grambling State University Grambling, LouisianaWebsite: gram.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1475th Percentile: 19 8. Kentucky State University Frankfort, KentuckyWebsite: kysu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 19 9. Lyndon State College Lyndonville, VermontWebsite: lyndonstate.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 22 10. Mississippi Valley State University Itta Benna, MississippiWebsite: mvsu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 19 11. New Jersey City University Jersey City, New JerseyWebsite: njcu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 17 12. North Carolina Central University Durham, North CarolinaWebsite: nccu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 19 13. Pennsylvania State University Dubois Dubois, PennsylvaniaWebsite: www.dubois.psu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1475th Percentile: 22 14. Prairie View A M University Prairie View, TexasWebsite: pvamu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 19 15. South Carolina State University Orangeburg, South CarolinaWebsite: scsu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 18 16. Southwest Tennessee Community College Mephis, TennesseeWebsite: southwest.tn.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1475th Percentile: 18 17. Sul Ross State University Alpine, TexasWebsite: sulross.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 21 18. Texas Southern University Houston, TexasWebsite: tsu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 19 19. University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Pine Bluff, ArkansasWebsite: uapb.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1475th Percentile: 19 20. University of Main at Machias Machias, MaineWebsite: umm.maine.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 25 21. University of South Carolina - Lancaster Lancaster, South CarolinaWebsite: usclancaster.sc.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 20 22. University of South Carolina - Salkehatchie Allendale, South CarolinaWebsite: uscsalkehatchie.sc.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1475th Percentile: 19 23. University of South Carolina - Union Union, South CarolinaWebsite: uscunion.sc.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1375th Percentile: 17 24. University of the Virgin Islands Charlotte Amalie, Virgin IslandsWebsite: uvi.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1375th Percentile: 17

House for Rent Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

House for Rent - Research Paper Example The aim will be to identify models that will work on the differences and create room where a smooth negotiation will take palace. The final decision making process remains an integral part in any negotiation. Identifying nagging issues between the two parties and working towards a mutual agreement. An agreement is essential in any negotiation. Alfredson and Cungu’ (2008) identify goals as essential in any negotiation as they play part in agenda setting. Agenda setting remains the major objective while negotiating. In our case, the goals will be set based on the lease agreement. Information from a third party indicates that the prospective client has the same agenda. This means he is willing to lease the house for two years which is the anticipated expiry period. The client’s goals will be to minimize the overall cost of the house. His aim will base on ensuring the cost matches his valuation. The leaser in this case will be aiming at ensuring the terms match his valuation and that he maximizes on the benefits that accompany leasing of the property. The cost should be enough to ensure he affords a new property in his new location. The initial stage would be to ensure common elements are utilized while initiating any negotiation. The common elements between the two parties initiate a process which will be aimed at working on differences and concern in an effort to reach an agreeable solution. The motivating factor will be the two agree on the time period in which the lease should last. This hence triggers a meeting that will design a model that would be agreeable to both parties. The two parties depend on each other in that each has different objectives from the property. The interdependent nature of the two parties is what triggers a negotiation (Moore, 2005). The two parties should acknowledge that without the other party any process will not be achieved. This will motivate the two parties

Iraq Power Company Business Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Iraq Power Company Business Plan - Assignment Example We will provide electricity to all the localities including industries, hospitals, parks, houses etc. Our distribution would be as follows Our mission is to provide customers highest quality electrical services; our focus is on personalized services by offering convenient and rapid services. We have strong vendor relationship with most service conscious vendors, capable of shipping major parts rapidly (overnight too) minimizing the system downtime for the premiere electric customers. Iraq is an oil producing country situated in the Middle East, with the population of 28,945,657 (July 2009.est).the population growth rate is 2.507%. Its economy is mainly dominated by the oil sector, which provides 90% of foreign exchange earnings. Total government revenues have benefited from high oil prices in recent years; however, revenues have declined significantly since the oil price drop in fall 2008. Iraq is making some progress in building the institutions needed to implement economic policy. In March 2009 Iraq concluded a Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) with the IMF that details economic reforms. Its GDP per capita is $4000. Its composition by sector is Nowadays the electric shortage in Iraq has become a problem and there are frequent blackouts. Due to the war there is much loss done and many of the power generation cables have been cut down posing a problem for the people. It needs new industries to be set up in various areas to solve the problem. At present electricity is provided only 8 hours a day at free of charge. The energy needs of Kurdish region have been ignored; it is working independently to electrical energy output through foreign assistance and private investment projects. The minister expects that by 2009 the region will produce enough energy to keep the lights on 24 hours a day. Vision Statement In 5 years it will become the major company generating electrical power to the country and establish its name in the whole of Middle East Mission Statement Earn people trust, be honest and lighten up Iraq. Engineering plan We will deal with generation, transmission and distribution of electric power as well as electrical devices connected to the system including generator, motors and transformers. Different forms of energies are converted to electrical energy. The transmission subsystem transmits the electricity to the load centers. The distribution subsystem continues to transmit the power

Conclusion and implication Essay Example for Free

Conclusion and implication Essay Failure to make use of available hazard-reduction information and measures of known effectiveness constitutes another general policy issue. It is one that assists to stimulate the ongoing UN-sponsored International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (Mitchell, 1988). In many places it would be potential to mitigate losses simply by putting what is known into effect. For instance, the value of warning and evacuation systems has been proven repeatedly; yet such systems are often underused. Likewise, hazard-mitigation schemes offer consistent paths toward reducing the long-term costs of disasters but they are often resisted in favour of instant post-disaster relief, insurance, and compensation programmes. Why do individuals and governments fail to make optimal use of available knowledge? There is no single answer to this question. A large number of factors are involved. Lack of agreement about definition and identification of problem; †¢ Lack of attentiveness of hazards; †¢ Misperception or misjudgement of risks; †¢ Lack of awareness of suitable responses; †¢ Lack of proficiency to make use of responses; †¢ Lack of money or resources to pay for responses; †¢ Lack of harmonization among institutions; †¢ Lack of attention to correlation between â€Å"disasters† and â€Å"development†; †¢ Failure to treat hazards as related problems whose components require simultaneous attention (i. e. reciprocity); †¢ Lack of access by affected populations to decision-making; †¢ Lack of public confidence in scientific knowledge; †¢ Conflicting goals among populations at risk; †¢ Fluctuating salience of hazards (competing priorities); †¢ Public opposition by negatively affected individuals and groups. Underlying all of these explicit reasons is a larger problem. It is this: society fails to take care of natural hazards as complex systems with several components that often require simultaneous attention. We tinker with one or another aspect of these systems when what are required are system-wide strategies. Perhaps even more significant, we fail to address the direct connection between natural hazard systems and economic investment decisions that drive the procedure of â€Å"development† and affect the potential for disasters. That such links subsist has been known for a very long time: If a man owes a debt, and the storm engulfs his field and carries away the produce, or if the grain has not grown in the field, in that year he shall not make any revisit to the creditor, he shall alter his contract and he shall not pay interest for that year. But mainly of the decisions that are taken to build new facilities or redevelop old ones, or to take on new production and distribution processes, or to develop new land, or to effectuate a myriad of other development goals are not currently very receptive to considerations of natural hazards. They must become so. And that is a task that will require a great deal of effort by natural hazard scientists to go beyond the laboratory and the research office or the field study site to obtain an understanding of how best to apply their expertise in public settings. It will also need the users of scientific information about hazards (architects, engineers, planners, banks and mortgage companies, international development agencies, and investment financiers) to foster a mutually interactive correlation with the scientists who are producers of that information. â€Å"Development† is only one of the main public issues that overlap with natural hazards reduction. Others include: environmental management; public health; security (personal, social, and national); and urbanization. All of them are major hitch sets in their own right, each patterned by philosophical and managerial disputes and unsettled issues. Efforts to work out commonly supportive policies and programmes raise entirely new sets of appropriate issues for hazards experts. References: †¢ Dombrowsky, Wolf R. 1995. â€Å"Again and Again: Is a Disaster What We Call ‘Disaster’? Some Conceptual Notes on Conceptualizing the Object of Disaster Sociology. † International Journal of mass Emergencies and Disasters (Nov. ), Vol. 13, No. 3, 241-254. †¢ Crozier, M. and Friedberg, E. (1979) Macht und Organisation, Berlin: Athenaum. (in German). †¢ IDNDR (International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction). 1996. Cities at risk: Making cities safer †¦ before disaster strikes. Supplement to No. 28, Stop Disasters. Geneva: IDNDR. †¢ Maskrey, Andrew. 1989. Disaster mitigation: A community based approach. Development Guidelines No. 3. Oxford: Oxfam. †¢ Mitchell, James K. 1988. â€Å"Confronting natural disasters: An international decade for natural hazard reduction. † Environment 30(2): 25–29. †¢ Mitchell, James K. 1989. â€Å"Hazards research. † In Gary Gaile and Cort Willmott (eds. ), Geography in America. Columbus, OH: Merrill Publishing Company, pp. 410– 424. †¢ Mitchell, James K. 1993b. â€Å"Recent developments in hazards research: A geographers perspective. In E. L. Quarantelli and K. Popov (eds.), Proceedings of the United States–Former Soviet Union Seminar on Social Science Research on Mitigation for and Recovery from Disasters and Large Scale Hazards. Moscow, April 19– 26, 1993. Vol. I: The American participation. Newark: University of Delaware, Disaster Research Center, pp. 43–62. †¢ Mitchell, James K. and Neil Ericksen. 1992. â€Å"Effects of climate changes on weather-related disasters. † In Irving Mintzer (ed. ), Confronting climate change: Risks, implications and responses. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 141–152. †¢ Mitchell, James K. , Neal Devine, and Kathleen Jagger.1989. â€Å"A contextual model of natural hazard. † Geographical Review 89(4): 391–409. †¢ Myers, Mary Fran and Gilbert F. White. 1993. â€Å"The challenge of the Mississippi flood. † Environment 35(10): 6–9, 25–35. †¢ Parker, D. J. and J. W. Handmer, eds. 1992. Hazard management and emergency planning: Perspectives on Britain. London: James James. †¢ Showalter, Pamela S. and Mary F. Myers. 1994. â€Å"Natural disasters in the United States as release agents of oil, chemicals or radiological materials between 1980–1989: Analysis and recommendations. † Risk Analysis 14(2): 169–182. †¢ Setchell, C. A. 1995. â€Å"The growing environmental crisis in the worlds megacities: The case of Bangkok. † Third World Planning Review 17(1): 1–18. †¢ Wynne, Brian. 1992. â€Å"Uncertainty and environmental learning: Reconceiving science and policy in the preventive paradigm. † Global Environmental Change 2(2): 111– 127. †¢ Yath, A. Y. 1995. â€Å"On the expulsion of rural inmigrants from Greater Khartoum – The example of the Dinka in Suq el Markazi. † GeoJournal 36(1): 93–101. †¢ Zelinsky, W. and L. Kosinski, L. 1991. Emergency evacuation of cities. London: Unwin Hyman.

TQM Paper :: essays research papers

Introduction The study of Total Quality Management (TQM) originated globally in the Japanese industry in the 1950’s. But what exactly is Total Quality Management? How does it impact companies that are striving to become leaders in a global society? What changes have to be made in traditional management styles to accomplish a quality focused management style? This paper will strive to answer all the above questions as well as bind the Total Quality Management into the organization I am employed. Definition of TQM In order to define Total Quality Management we need to breakdown each entity. When we think of total we envision the whole, the entirety. Therefore everyone must be involved to make the difference. The sum of many each has a role to play in the area of quality. Quality means to conform to specific requirements – meeting customer’s expectations. Management is the act, manner, or practice of managing. Therefore, Total Quality Management is an organizational culture or attitude that aims to provide and continue to provide, its customers with products and services that satisfy their needs. This culture requires all aspects of the company to â€Å"do it right the first time.† TQM is the process for managing quality. Impact of Globalization As indicated in the introduction, TQM originated in Japan in the 1950’s. Finally in the 1980’s this new found discovery became popular in the West. Now as more and more organizations are looking to grow into the international market arena it has become very apparent that most American companies are already at a disadvantage. In order to be successful in the international arena quality has to be a priority. Japan is already 30 years ahead of American companies in mastering the art of TQM, therefore being a very strong competitor in other areas of globalization. Traditional vs. Quality Management Styles Traditional management styles may not always been totally customer driven, all decisions were made from top line management with little or no flexibilities to the front-line. Since the top line had to make decisions response times were slow, and employees worked as instructed. As management tends to focus more on quality the important aspects of TQM include customer – driven quality, top management commitment and leadership, continuous improvement, fast response to customer needs, actions based on facts, and employee participation. There are 10 steps to guide any organization to TQM: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pursue New Strategic Thinking 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Know your Customers 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Set True Customer Requirements TQM Paper :: essays research papers Introduction The study of Total Quality Management (TQM) originated globally in the Japanese industry in the 1950’s. But what exactly is Total Quality Management? How does it impact companies that are striving to become leaders in a global society? What changes have to be made in traditional management styles to accomplish a quality focused management style? This paper will strive to answer all the above questions as well as bind the Total Quality Management into the organization I am employed. Definition of TQM In order to define Total Quality Management we need to breakdown each entity. When we think of total we envision the whole, the entirety. Therefore everyone must be involved to make the difference. The sum of many each has a role to play in the area of quality. Quality means to conform to specific requirements – meeting customer’s expectations. Management is the act, manner, or practice of managing. Therefore, Total Quality Management is an organizational culture or attitude that aims to provide and continue to provide, its customers with products and services that satisfy their needs. This culture requires all aspects of the company to â€Å"do it right the first time.† TQM is the process for managing quality. Impact of Globalization As indicated in the introduction, TQM originated in Japan in the 1950’s. Finally in the 1980’s this new found discovery became popular in the West. Now as more and more organizations are looking to grow into the international market arena it has become very apparent that most American companies are already at a disadvantage. In order to be successful in the international arena quality has to be a priority. Japan is already 30 years ahead of American companies in mastering the art of TQM, therefore being a very strong competitor in other areas of globalization. Traditional vs. Quality Management Styles Traditional management styles may not always been totally customer driven, all decisions were made from top line management with little or no flexibilities to the front-line. Since the top line had to make decisions response times were slow, and employees worked as instructed. As management tends to focus more on quality the important aspects of TQM include customer – driven quality, top management commitment and leadership, continuous improvement, fast response to customer needs, actions based on facts, and employee participation. There are 10 steps to guide any organization to TQM: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pursue New Strategic Thinking 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Know your Customers 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Set True Customer Requirements

Othello, in Love? Essay

Was the relationship of Desdemona and Othello true love? Throughout the entire, through secrets and lies and murder even until the end one of the biggest questions that arose was the vitality of Othello Desdemona’s love. Although some readers of Othello have argued that Othello and Desdemona’s love was true, a closer examination of the way she shows empathy for him when he tells her stories reveals that he is only in love with the attention she gives him because it alleviates his own personal insecurities. By examining the abruptness of Othello’s jealousy and judgment of Desdemona’s possible infidelity, it is revealed that he has deeply rooted insecurities. After Iago tells Othello of the possible infidelity that has occurred, Othello immediately starts to get jealous and angry. He begins to admit some of the insecurities he has, â€Å"Maybe because I’m black and I don’t have nice manners like courtiers do, or because I’m getting oldà ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The insecurities that Othello has directly relate to the abruptness of his jealousy. Othello believes that he is lesser because he is â€Å"black† and â€Å"old†. Of course he, an ugly, old, outsider cannot compare to the young and beautiful Desdemona. He compares his self image with her image and automatically believes that he is not worthy of her. This terrible self image forces him to believe what Iago has told him even without proof. The abruptness of jealousy proves Othello has insecurities. If it was true love Othello would not have been so quick to assume that Iago’s claims of infidelity were true. An examination of the way Othello becomes intrigued by Desdemona because of her undivided attention toward the stories he told shows that the attention she gives him alleviates his insecurities. When Othello is in the court room talking to the duke, trying to prove his love for Desdemona, he mentions that â€Å"She loved me for the dangers I had pass’d, and I loved her that she did pity them†, Othello clearly says that Desdemona’s interest in him only derives from the fact that she is intrigued by the stories of his adventurous past and Othello’s interest in Desdemona derives from the fact that she loves his stories. Othello clearly understands that Desdemona loves him for his previous adventures and not for a romantic reason. Othello uses Desdemona’s fanaticism as a way to alleviate his insecurities. By Desdemona complementing Othello, it makes him feel better and wanted. It distracts him from his insecurities therefore Othello’s â€Å"love† isn’t true. He thinks that he is in love when truly the feelings he has are that of fulfillment of what is lost by his insecurities. Othello being driven into madness has less to do with Desdemona’s possible infidelity but more to do with her no longer being there to alleviate his insecurities because of her shift from undivided attention to Othello to her undivided attention to Cassio in attempt to get him his job back. Before Cassio was fired Desdemona devoted all of her time to Othello and wanted to be with him constantly, when he was sent to war she even wanted to go with him â€Å"So that, dear lords, if I be left behind a moth of peace and he go to the war, the rites for which I love him are bereft me, And I a heavy interim shall support by his dear absence. Let me go with him†. She couldn’t stand to be away from Othello and this made him feel wanted and his insecurities were intern alleviated. This all changed once Cassio lost his job though. Desdemona pledged to get him his job back, â€Å"Do not doubt that. Before Emilia here I give thee warrant of thy place. Assure thee, if I do vow a friendship, I’ll perform it to the last article. My lord shall never rest; I’ll watch him tame and talk him out of patience†. This new devotion to Cassio meant that Othello was no longer receiving the same attention and his insecurities were no longer being alleviated. When she was no longer alleviating his insecurities and there was no purpose for her. When he realized this he was overwhelmed with jealousy. He not only wanted to kill Cassio for taking away the one who solved his problems but he wanted to take away her as well, â€Å"Oh, that the slave had forty thousand lives! One is too poor, too weak for my revenge†¦ Damn her, lewd minx! Oh, damn her, damn her! Come, go with me apart. I will withdraw to furnish me with some swift means of death for the fair devil†. If Othello was in love with Desdemona as a person and not just the attention she gives him then it would be safe to say that the love they shared was true but because he felt as though the only solution was to kill her proves that their relationship was not true love. Othello is only in love with the attention Desdemona gives him because it alleviates his own personal insecurities. Desdemona distracts Othello from his insecurities and makes him feel better and wanted. When Desdemona no longer alleviated the insecurities he had his only course of action was to kill Desdemona and Cassio. If their love would have been true he would not have been so quick to make the decision to kill Desdemona.

Lakeside Case Exercise Template Essay

(a) Compute the financial ratios listed in Exhibit 3-2 for Lakeside for the years ended December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2011. Comment on any large fluctuations, unusual fluctuations, or lack of expected fluctuations. Also, give an overall conclusion as to the significance of the change in Lakeside’s liquidity, solvency, and profitability positions from 2010 to 2011. Use the following format. [Use Case3.xls for a spreadsheet to compute the ratios]. Ratio 2010 2011 Significance of Change Current 1.35 1.35 No significant fluctuation, indicating a stable liquidity position (based on this measure of liquidity) Average Days Inventory on Hand Average Days to Collect Receivables Debt-to-Total Assets Ratio Times Interest Earned Profit Margin Return on Assets Return on Equity Overall Conclusion: (b)Compare the year 2011 financial ratios computed for Lakeside above to the industry average ratios included in Exhibit 3-3. Comment on any large fluctuations, unusual fluctuations, or lack of expected fluctuations. Also, give an overall conclusion as to the significance of the difference between Lakeside’s liquidity, solvency, and profitability positions in 2011 and the industry average positions. Use the following format. Ratio Industry Ave. Lakeside 2011 Significance of Change Current 2.16 1.35 Lakeside is below the industry average. This may indicate short-term solvency problems Average Days Inventory on Hand Average Days to Collect Receivables Debt-to-Total Assets Ratio Times Interest Earned Profit Margin Return on Assets Return on Equity Overall Conclusion: (c)Scan each of the financial statements and the trial balances included in Exhibits 3-4 through 3-7. Comment on any unusual accounts, account balances, or large, unusual, or lack of expected fluctuations from the previous year. You should find at least 10 items. [Note: you may have more than one â€Å"finding† for each procedure]. Use the following format: Procedure Findings Significance Scan the trial balance. 1. A debit balance appears in the â€Å"Allowance for Doubtful Accounts† account. 2. 1. Bad accounts may be increasing or a debit entry may have been misposted. 2. Scan the income statement. Scan the balance sheet. Scan the statement of cash flows.

Animals in Cosmetic Testing Essays

Animals in Cosmetic Testing Essays Animals in Cosmetic Testing Paper Animals in Cosmetic Testing Paper Every year, millions of animals suffer and die at the hands of scientists who perform outdated and inaccurate tests that prove no benefit to humans or animals whatsoever. Before these animals die, they are routinely burned, scalded, poisoned, starved, given electric shocks, addicted to drugs, subjected to near freezing temperatures, dosed with radioactive elements and driven insane. They are deliberately inflicted with diseases such as cancer, diabetes, oral infections, stomach ulcers, syphilis, herpes, and AIDS. Their eyes are surgically removed; their brains and spinal cords damaged, and their bones broken. The use of anesthesia is not mandated by law, and consequently, it is rarely administered. Cosmetics companies attempt to justify all of this cruelty by claiming that the tests are performed to determine the possible dangers of cosmetics for human use. Substances such as eye shadow and soap are tested on rabbits, rats, guinea pigs, dogs, and other animals, despite the fact that the test results do not help prevent or treat human illness or injury at all. Experimentation on live animals, or vivisection began as early as the 17th century. During that time period, Philosopher Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) rejected Philosopher Rene Descartes theory that animals are not able to reason and therefore do not feel pain and suffering. Bentham held that living creatures can suffer and enjoy and that their inability to reason is irrelevant to the moral issue of how animals should be treated. Benthams philosophy on animals was: The question is not, can they reason? nor, can they talk?, but, can they suffer? The practice of testing cosmetics on animals began in 1933, soon after a woman used Lash Lure mascara to darken her lashes. The womans eyes first burned, then she went blind, and eventually died. Because of this incident, the Food and Drug Administration passed the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (which supported the use of animals in cosmetic research) in 1938 to protect the public from unsafe cosmetics. Cosmetics are not required to be tested on animals and since alternatives exist it is hard to understand why some companies continue to use these types of tests. Cosmetic companies kill millions of animals every year in the quest to improve their profit margin. According to the companies that perform these tests maintain that they are done to establish the safety of a product and the ingredients. However, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) which regulates cosmetic products, does not require animal testing. Among many others, some of the tests used on animals are eye irritancy tests, acute toxicity tests, and skin irritancy tests. In eye irritancy tests, a liquid, flake, granule, or powdered substance is dropped into the eyes of a group of albino rabbits. The animals are often immobilized in stocks from which only their heads protrude and they usually receive no anesthesia during the tests. After placing the substance into the rabbit’s eyes, lab technicians record the damage to the eye tissue at specific intervals over an average period of 72 hours. The tests sometimes last between seven and eighteen days. Reactions to the substances can include swollen eyelids, ulceration, bleeding, swollen irises massive deterioration, and blindness. During the tests, rabbits eyelids are usually held open with clips, because of this, many animals break their necks as they attempt to escape. Acute toxicity tests, commonly called lethal dose or poisoning tests, determine the amount of a substance that will kill a percentage, even up to one-hundred percent, of a group of test animals. In these tests, a substance is forced by tube into the animal’s stomach or through holes cut in their throats. Experimenters observe the animal’s reactions which can include convulsions, labored breathing, malnutrition, skin eruptions, and bleeding from the eyes, nose, or mouth. The test was developed in 1927 and the testing continues until at least fifty percent of the animals die (this usually takes 2-4 weeks). Like eye irritancy tests, lethal dose tests are unreliable and have too many variables to have a constant result. Skin irritancy tests are conducted on rabbits, guinea pigs and other animals. The process involves placing chemicals on the animal’s raw, shaved skin and covering the skin with adhesive plaster. The animals are immobilized in restraining devices to prevent them from struggling. Meanwhile, laboratory workers apply the chemicals which burn into the animal’s skin. Despite all of this pain and suffering on the animal’s part, not a single disease has been cured through vivisection in this century. The overall adult cancer rate has risen in the past 40 years and a fatal heart attack strikes a person every 45 seconds. The Centers for Disease Control estimate that 70-80% of the common diseases killing humans are preventable given a responsible diet and lifestyle. 40-50% of the animals used in experiments come from companies who breed these animals for just this purpose. The remaining animals come from animal shelters, the free to good home ads in the newspaper, some from unsuspecting people who allow their animals to become pregnant, or even worse, some have been stolen directly from their own front yard. Imagine your pet one day being crammed into a cage no larger the average refrigerator with ten other animals waiting to die like approximately 20-100 million other animals do each year. Alternatives to cosmetic testing are less expensive and generally more reliable to perform. Animals have different biological systems than humans therefore the tests can’t be as accurate as the animal free tests. Some alternatives include cell cultures, tissue cultures, corneas from eye banks, and sophisticated computer and mathematical models. Companies can also devise a formula using ingredients already proven safe by the Food and Drug Administration. Most cruelty-free companies use a combination of methods to ensure the safety of a product. Lobbying by animal welfare groups has resulted in federal, state, and local legislation severely restricting animal experimentation. For example, under the Animal welfare act, all animals used in biomedical research must be bought from vendors licensed by the Department of Agriculture. The Department of Agriculture inspects laboratories where animals are used and enforces federal laws regarding treatment and care of the animals. Biomedical scientists have also taken action to prevent the abuse of the animals, mostly because abused animals may not provide reliable data. The Physiological Society, the National Institutes of Health, and many other scientific organizations have joined forces to lay down guidelines for the use and treatment of experimental animals. Now, there are also many universities with animal welfare committees. In countless surveys, it has been found that most people are against the use of animals in cosmetic testing. Hundreds of companies have responded by switching to animal-friendly test methods. To help put an end to animal testing, people can stop buying products that were tested on animals. You can also call and write to these companies, or write to your local government representative about the alternatives that can be used. Just weeks ago, the European Union (EU) moved closer to an agreement that would enforce a ban on the use of animal testing to develop beauty products in the EU. Negotiators for the EUs 15 national governments and the European Parliament reached a compromise that would introduce the ban in 2009, giving cosmetics companies’ ample time to find and implement alternative ways of testing. The ban will cover animal tests in Europe and also calls for a ban on imports of cosmetics produced outside the bloc that have been tested on animals. The compromise still needs to be approved by the full European Parliament and ministers from the 15 nations. While this sort of action takes us one step closer to banning animal testing outright, it is a long and painstaking process. More drastic measures must be implemented if we are going to wipe out the suffering of animals at the hands of scientists and researchers. More emphasis must be put on hard line tactics, and harsher penalties must be enforced for those who subject animals to any treatment that contravenes the global Animal Cruelty Act. Sophisticated alternatives to the use of animals in consumer product testing are readily available. For example, Skintex, an in-vitro method assesses skin irritancy uses pumpkin rind to mimic the reaction of a foreign substance on human skin. Skintex can measure 5,000 different materials, so there is no excuse for companies. Most of the large producers of personal care and household products could adopt these methods which are more cost effective, better predictors of human injury, produce far quicker results, and do not involve animal cruelty. There are two main reasons most companies do not take a cruelty-free stance; the fear for human safety and the fear of product liability suits. We as consumers can help our animals by purchasing only products that have not been tested on animals. By changing your shopping habits a bit, it is easy to become a caring and conscientious consumer. When you shop, look for products that say Cruelty-free or not tested on animals. This time tomorrow there will be approximately 275,000 animals dead that were not dead today. The numbers are real and this is happening in our world every day merely because it is a multi-billion dollar income for some people and is legal in most countries. The National Institutes of Health, the world’s largest recipient of funds used for research, must be pushed to fund more preventative programs and human based research. The problem that we are faced with today is not a difficult one to fix. The technology is available for us to use and we should take advantage of our superior alternate methods.

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5 Keys to Creating a Social Media Strategy for Your Book Five Keys to Developing a Solid Social Media Strategy Andrea Dunlop is a Reedsy social media and marketing consultant with over ten years in the publishing business and the author of the novel Losing the Light. In this post, she reveals what it takes to create a great social media strategy and begin to use social media like a pro.When I see authors using social media- whether I’m on the clock with a client or just perusing- I often see them using social media in a very ad hoc way. This leads to the ever-popular refrain â€Å"social media doesn’t sell books†- which it doesn’t unless you use it correctly. As an author, your aim on social media is to interact with influencers and to expand your reach to as many potential readers as possible.Here are five keys to building your social media strategy so that you can make the best of the time and energy you spend marketing your work:1. Know Your Audience I always encourage authors not to get too caught up in the numbers on social media. Much of the magic comes from the serendipity of being able to connect with people you wouldn’t otherwise meet or connect. That said, there’s no point in spending a lot of time and energy (and possibly money) on something if you’re not going to measure the results.I have a social media dashboard where I track everything from Twitter followers to Amazon rank on a weekly basis. The point of this is not to obsess over the data but to recognize what’s working and what isn’t so that I can feel free to abandon the ineffective strategies and double down on what worked best.For more tips on using social media as an author, check out this charming infographic!Is there a social media strategy or platform that has worked wonders for your books? We'd love to hear your thoughts and questions in the comments below.

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Gender Differences in Smoking Cessation Success - Essay Example Studies show that women are at a higher risk of smoking-related diseases, including lung cancer (Kure et al. 1996; Dally et al. 2003). Research has also shown that cessation among women is more difficult compared to their male counterparts (Perkins 2001; Swan, Ward, Carmelli & Jack 1993; Green, Lynn, & Montgomery 2006; 2008). Possible reasons for gender differences have been suggested by researchers to include women’s concern about weight gain, and increase in negative mood during cessation attempts and a greater need for social support from family and peers (Jensvold, Hamilton, & Halbreich 1996; Hatsukami, Skoog, Allen, & Bliss 1995; Pierce, Lee, & Gilpin 1994; Grunberg, Winders, & Wewers 1991). Nevertheless, it must be acknowledged that some studies have failed to identify any significant gender differences in cessation success (Cinciripini et al. 1995; Fortmann & Killen 1995: Killen, Fortmann, Newman, & Varady 1990). In light of these contradictory findings my literature review will focus on the evidence both for and against gender differences in the cessation of smoking in order to gain an insight into the nature of any variations in cessation success. This paper has a whole focuses on the gender differences in smoking cessation success. This paper is divided into executive summary, introduction, methodology, literature review and conclusion. The methodology adopted for the research is qualitative one in which, a detailed literature review will be given to analyze the gender differences in smoking cessation success. For this purpose, a number of books, articles and journals are consulted for collection of suitable information for the review. Some of the writings are left out because of their inadequacy according to the need of the review while others are employed for writing a detailed literature review. â€Å"Current Concept in Adolescent Smoking† by Pletcher and Schwarz is not included in the