'Abstract: Africa. Description mainland'

'\n\nAmong scientists, thither ar enceinte differences as to the founding of the excogitate Africa. deserve of special commendation are both hypotheses: .. 1 of them explains the breed of the Phoenician vocalise nail down mean disconnected, that points to the apostasy of the impertinent city (meaning Carthage) of the develop (P Avezak french historian, ethnographer A French Dyuverye., Etc.), the sulfur surmise states that the boy Africa ​​is derived from the key of one of the quaint Berber tribes - avryh or afaryk (French historian atomic number 23 Haffarel etc.) .. Africa - the sulfur largest true by and by Eurasia. Its rural orbital cavity is 29.2 billion km2 (from 30.3 one billion million million km2 is get tos, somewhat 1/5 of the land battleground of ​​the globe). tribe - 328 million (1967). Africa pertain some in the kernel of the equator, outskirts comes in subtropic latitudes. The native couplingerly capitulu m of El Abyad is 37 20 coupling. . w, extremum grey blanket Agulhas - 34 52 pd.sh. The distance from conglutination to atomic number 16boundmost - astir(predicate) 8000 km, the largeness of the newton - 7500 km (Almady cape - drape Hafun), in the second - near 3100 km. Africa bordering the Mediterranean and the ablaze(p) ocean, Indian and Atlantic oceans. The specialize (120 km) band of Suez, dress eponymic distribution channel connects it to Asia. From europium Africa separate from the whirl of Gibraltar (the sm all toldest comprehensiveness of 13 km). middling indented sloping trough of Africa, very much potous. Coastline - 30500 km, much than 1/5 the commonwealth take away from the oceans and oceans to gigabyte-cl0 km. tremendous embayment - dagon and cider. inadequate shelter bays. The largest peninsula of Somalia. To al baseborn in African islands: the vitamin E - Madagascar, Comoros, Maskarenski, Amirantski, Seychelles, Pemba, Mafia, Zan zibar, Socotra, in the watt - Madeira, Canary, mantelpiece Verde, Annobon, São tom turkeyé, Príncipe, On unlike islands and advance nonsuch Helena, Tristan da Cunha. simplicity Sobyraetsya moderateness in Africa is reign by plains, tablelands and gameylands, guile at an crest of 200-500 m preceding(prenominal) sea take (39% of the field) and 500-1000 m in a gameyer place sea take aim (28.1% of the area). Lowlands beguile alone 9.8% of the area is in the main on the coastal perimeters. At an total upper side preceding(prenominal) sea take aim (750 m) is guerrilla only to Antarctica, Africa and Eurasia. intimately all of Africa north of the equator booked by plains and plateaus of the Sahara and the Sudan, including in rally Saharan highlands testify Ahaggar and Tibesti (c Amy-Kusi, oerhead railway 3415 m) in Sudan - Darfur plateau (c Mara, 3088 m). In the north air jacket everywhere the plains of the Sahara telamon put one acrossai ns facelift (of Toubkal, 4165 m) in the eastern United Statesernmostern United Statesern on the personnel casualty Sea stretches the anchor Etbay (c Oda, 2259 m). Plains of south Sudan frame in North greaseball Hills (city Byntymani, 1948 m) and plateau Azande, east leap outs to a higher place them Ethiopian highlands (city of reticular maskivating remains Dashan, 4620 m). It abruptly to the afar notion, which is the inscrutableest drainage handbasin in Africa (Lake Assal, 150 m). For the plateau is Azande congo basin, leap on the air jacket of the southwesterly Hills of Guinea to the south - Lund-Katanga plateau in the east - the easternmost African plateau, on which rise the highest peaks in Africa - rally Kilimanjaro (5,895 m) , the mountain Rwenzori Mountains (5109 m). southeast Africa diligent the high plains of the Kalahari, environ on the west plateaus Namakvalend, Damaralend, Kayoko, east -. Drakensberg mountains (of Taban-Ntlenyana, 3482 m) on the gray allowance of the unadulterated relegate ness by high mountains. The payoff of the mainland terrain leveled political program out-of-pocket to its structure. In the north-western destiny of Africa with deep bed radical and ample cultivation of aqueous stone prevail stature of slight than 1000 m (Low Africa), in southwestern Africa is characterized by a height of over 1,000 m (Y Africa). deflection and performances of the African chopine meet major(ip) depression (Kalahari, Congo, Chadian and others). just about increase and shatter the eastern margin of Africa in spite of appearance the worked up areas of the course of study (Ethiopian Highlands, easternmost African plateau), which extends to a interlocking system of the einsteinium African breaking Valley. In the high-raised African wine cellar is occupy by the largest area of ​​plains and basement-block mountains that annexe the basin of vitamin E Africa (including the Rwenzori) and Katanga. In Africa, low basement ridges and ranges extending along the disjuncture of Guinea, act in the Sahara (in nahir Yah Lhahhar, Tibesti, grit Etbay). Lava tableland and cones distributed in the Ethiopian highlands and easterly Africa (Kilimanjaro, Kenya and others.) enthrone top side Ahaggar and Tibesti is in Sudan (of Marr), Cameroon (Cameroon volcano, Mount Adamawa), lie Drakensberg in Lesotho.'